Gorse Scrub BNG Units
Medium
Heathland and shrub
Trusted by Developers and Landowners
What is
Gorse Scrub
Gorse scrub forms when gorse species, mainly common gorse (Ulex europaeus), grow into dense, thorny evergreen thickets on dry, nutrient poor soils. These shrubs create low to medium height blocks of spiny vegetation with woody stems and narrow leaves that end in sharp points.
Why It Matters for BNG
Gorse scrub offers habitat structure for birds and invertebrates and supports moderate distinctiveness gains. It functions well within heathland and acid grassland mosaics.
Managing gorse for age diversity and preventing dominance increases BNG value. Low input management suits rough grazing systems.
Where Are They Found?
Gorse scrub occurs on free draining, acidic or nutrient poor soils. It is common on heathlands, coastal cliffs, upland slopes, parkland edges and derelict grassland. These sites often form part of a wider mosaic of heath, grassland and scrub.
Soil and Site Requirements
Gorse scrub thrives on acidic or low nutrient soils with good drainage. Gorse grows well on sandy, gravelly or rocky substrates and persists where soils remain dry. It spreads readily on neglected or lightly grazed ground.
How New Gorse Scrub Habitat Is Created
Inputs
• Allow natural regeneration from existing gorse stands
• Plant common gorse and locally appropriate gorse species
• Introduce nitrogen fixing shrubs such as broom for added diversity
• Retain suitable acidic or nutrient poor soil conditions
• Control invasive non native species where they occur
Management
• Use rotational cutting to maintain dense, compact growth
• Apply grazing to prevent stems becoming tall and leggy
• Retain young, mid age and mature shrubs for structural diversity
• Maintain open patches to support heathland herbs and invertebrates
Landscape
• Restore gorse scrub within heathland and grassland mosaics
• Connect fragmented scrub patches across slopes and ridges
• Position creation where long term light grazing or cutting is achievable
How Existing Gorse Scrub Habitat Is Improved
Inputs
• Add broom, heather species or dwarf gorse to increase shrub diversity
• Maintain acidic soil conditions and avoid nutrient build up
• Remove invasive species to protect native shrub communities
Management
• Cut sections of scrub on rotation to maintain dense regrowth
• Prevent the scrub from becoming tall and open
• Use grazing in suitable areas to maintain mosaic structure
• Retain flowering shrubs for early season nectar
Landscape
• Integrate improved scrub with adjacent heathland and grassland
• Restore scrub corridors for reptiles and ground nesting birds
• Break up uniform stands to increase ecological value
Target Condition
Gorse scrub in its defined BNG condition should:
• Contain common gorse as the dominant shrub, with other native shrubs present
• Maintain dense, low to medium height thickets with thorny structure
• Support structural variation across the scrub block
• Show signs of natural regeneration and varied age classes
• Avoid dominance by a single species across the entire canopy
• Maintain open patches and transitions to adjacent habitats
The BNG Value of
Gorse Scrub
• Distinctiveness: Medium
• Condition Potential: Moderate to high when structural diversity and species richness increase
• Habitat Connectivity: Strong contributor to heathland networks supporting reptiles, insects and birds
• Climate and Landscape Context: Provides year round cover and improves nutrient poor soils through nitrogen fixing species
Species Typical of
Gorse Scrub
Dominant Shrub Layer
• Common gorse (Ulex europaeus)
• Western gorse (Ulex gallii)
• Dwarf gorse (Ulex minor)
Associated Woody Species
• Broom (Cytisus scoparius)
• Bramble (Rubus fruticosus)
• Heather species (Calluna vulgaris, Erica species)
Ground Flora and Understorey
• Acid soil adapted grasses
• Small herbs associated with heathland mosaics
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is Gorse Scrub?
Dense thickets dominated by Gorse (Ulex europaeus or related species). This is an important habitat for specific bird species and invertebrates, particularly in dry or heathy areas.
How is BNG measured here?
Assessed by the coverage and age structure of the Gorse, ensuring a mix of young, dense, and old, leggy stands.
How can I achieve BNG?
Enhancement by rotational cutting or controlled burning (where safe and permitted) to create a diverse mosaic of Gorse ages. Creation on appropriate sites.
What is the BNG target condition?
A Good condition is defined by a mosaic of different-aged Gorse stands, which maximizes value for different wildlife groups.
What management is required?
Rotational management (cutting/flailing) to maintain the stand at different stages of succession, preventing it from becoming a uniform, old stand which loses its ecological value.
Exploring Other Habitats?
Open Mosaic Habitats on Previously Developed Land BNG
Open Mosaic Habitats on previously developed land are brownfield sites where disturbance, bare substrates, and early successional vegetation create a structurally diverse mosaic. The habitat supports specialised flora and invertebrates that depend on skeletal soils, bare ground, and pioneer plant communities.
The mosaic typically includes bare ground, ephemeral and short perennial vegetation, flower-rich open grassland, scrub patches, and occasional wet features.
Willow Scrub
Willow scrub is a transitional habitat dominated by native willow species, typically grey willow and goat willow, often with hawthorn, hazel, and dog rose. It forms in damp ground, at woodland margins, or on disturbed sites where scrub colonises freely.
The Willow scrub habitat is characterised by a mosaic structure: scrub cover between 10 and 60 percent with open grassland, wetland, or bare ground filling the gaps. A varied age structure, from seedlings to mature stems, supports higher condition scores. Ground flora is diverse where scrub remains open and light levels allow herbs and grasses to persist.
Upland Hay Meadow
Upland hay meadows are species rich grasslands dominated by a mix of fine grasses and abundant herbaceous wildflowers such as sweet vernal-grass, wood crane’s-bill, great burnet, pignut, and lady’s mantles.
These meadows have developed through long term traditional management that combines light grazing with a late summer hay cut. Rare species including lesser butterfly-orchid and burnt orchid are sometimes found.
This habitat is a dense mix of grasses and a wide variety of wildflowers, with no single grass species dominating the vegetation.
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